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Protocolos y soporte de Internet¶
Los módulos descritos en este capítulo implementan protocolos de Internet y son compatibles con la tecnología relacionada. Todos están implementados en Python. La mayoría de estos módulos requieren la presencia del módulo dependiente del sistema socket
, que actualmente es compatible con las plataformas más populares. Aquí hay una descripción general:
webbrowser
— Controlador de navegador web convenientewsgiref
— Utilidades WSGI e implementación de referenciawsgiref.util
– Utilidades de entorno WSGIwsgiref.headers
– Herramientas para cabeceras de respuesta WSGIwsgiref.simple_server
– Un servidor HTTP WSGI simplewsgiref.validate
— Verificador de compatibilidad WSGIwsgiref.handlers
– Clases base servidor/gatewayCGIHandler
IISCGIHandler
BaseCGIHandler
SimpleHandler
BaseHandler
BaseHandler.run()
BaseHandler._write()
BaseHandler._flush()
BaseHandler.get_stdin()
BaseHandler.get_stderr()
BaseHandler.add_cgi_vars()
BaseHandler.wsgi_multithread
BaseHandler.wsgi_multiprocess
BaseHandler.wsgi_run_once
BaseHandler.os_environ
BaseHandler.server_software
BaseHandler.get_scheme()
BaseHandler.setup_environ()
BaseHandler.log_exception()
BaseHandler.traceback_limit
BaseHandler.error_output()
BaseHandler.error_status
BaseHandler.error_headers
BaseHandler.error_body
BaseHandler.wsgi_file_wrapper
BaseHandler.sendfile()
BaseHandler.origin_server
BaseHandler.http_version
read_environ()
wsgiref.types
— Tipos de WSGI para validadores estáticos de tipos- Ejemplos
urllib
— URL módulos de manipulaciónurllib.request
— Biblioteca extensible para abrir URLsurlopen()
install_opener()
build_opener()
pathname2url()
url2pathname()
getproxies()
Request
OpenerDirector
BaseHandler
HTTPDefaultErrorHandler
HTTPRedirectHandler
HTTPCookieProcessor
ProxyHandler
HTTPPasswordMgr
HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm
HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth
AbstractBasicAuthHandler
HTTPBasicAuthHandler
ProxyBasicAuthHandler
AbstractDigestAuthHandler
HTTPDigestAuthHandler
ProxyDigestAuthHandler
HTTPHandler
HTTPSHandler
FileHandler
DataHandler
FTPHandler
CacheFTPHandler
UnknownHandler
HTTPErrorProcessor
- Objetos Request
Request.full_url
Request.type
Request.host
Request.origin_req_host
Request.selector
Request.data
Request.unverifiable
Request.method
Request.get_method()
Request.add_header()
Request.add_unredirected_header()
Request.has_header()
Request.remove_header()
Request.get_full_url()
Request.set_proxy()
Request.get_header()
Request.header_items()
- Objetos OpenerDirector
- Objetos BaseHandler
- Objetos HTTPRedirectHandler
- Objetos HTTPCookieProcessor
- Objetos ProxyHandler
- Objetos HTTPPasswordMgr
- Objetos HTTPPasswordMgrWithPriorAuth
- Objetos AbstractBasicAuthHandler
- Objetos HTTPBasicAuthHandler
- Objetos ProxyBasicAuthHandler
- Objetos AbstractDigestAuthHandler
- Objetos HTTPDigestAuthHandler
- Objetos ProxyDigestAuthHandler
- Objetos HTTPHandler
- Objetos HTTPSHandler
- Objetos FileHandler
- Objetos DataHandler
- Objetos FTPHandler
- Objetos CacheFTPHandler
- Objetos UnknownHandler
- Objetos HTTPErrorProcessor
- Ejemplos
- Interfaz heredada
- Restricciones
urllib.request
urllib.response
— Clases de respuesta usadas por urlliburllib.parse
— Analiza URL en componentesurllib.error
— Clases de excepción lanzadas por urllib.requesturllib.robotparser
— Analizador para robots.txthttp
— Módulos HTTPhttp.client
— Cliente de protocolo HTTPHTTPConnection
HTTPSConnection
HTTPResponse
parse_headers()
HTTPException
NotConnected
InvalidURL
UnknownProtocol
UnknownTransferEncoding
UnimplementedFileMode
IncompleteRead
ImproperConnectionState
CannotSendRequest
CannotSendHeader
ResponseNotReady
BadStatusLine
LineTooLong
RemoteDisconnected
HTTP_PORT
HTTPS_PORT
responses
- Objetos de
HTTPConnection
HTTPConnection.request()
HTTPConnection.getresponse()
HTTPConnection.set_debuglevel()
HTTPConnection.set_tunnel()
HTTPConnection.get_proxy_response_headers()
HTTPConnection.connect()
HTTPConnection.close()
HTTPConnection.blocksize
HTTPConnection.putrequest()
HTTPConnection.putheader()
HTTPConnection.endheaders()
HTTPConnection.send()
- Objetos de
HTTPResponse
HTTPResponse.read()
HTTPResponse.readinto()
HTTPResponse.getheader()
HTTPResponse.getheaders()
HTTPResponse.fileno()
HTTPResponse.msg
HTTPResponse.version
HTTPResponse.url
HTTPResponse.headers
HTTPResponse.status
HTTPResponse.reason
HTTPResponse.debuglevel
HTTPResponse.closed
HTTPResponse.geturl()
HTTPResponse.info()
HTTPResponse.getcode()
- Ejemplos
- Objetos de
HTTPMessage
ftplib
— cliente de protocolo FTPFTP
error_reply
error_temp
error_perm
error_proto
all_errors
- Objetos FTP
FTP.set_debuglevel()
FTP.connect()
FTP.getwelcome()
FTP.login()
FTP.abort()
FTP.sendcmd()
FTP.voidcmd()
FTP.retrbinary()
FTP.retrlines()
FTP.set_pasv()
FTP.storbinary()
FTP.storlines()
FTP.transfercmd()
FTP.ntransfercmd()
FTP.mlsd()
FTP.nlst()
FTP.dir()
FTP.rename()
FTP.delete()
FTP.cwd()
FTP.mkd()
FTP.pwd()
FTP.rmd()
FTP.size()
FTP.quit()
FTP.close()
- Objetos FTP_TLS
poplib
— Cliente de protocolo POP3imaplib
— Protocolo del cliente IMAP4IMAP4
IMAP4_SSL
IMAP4_stream
Internaldate2tuple()
Int2AP()
ParseFlags()
Time2Internaldate()
- Objetos de IMAP4
IMAP4.append()
IMAP4.authenticate()
IMAP4.check()
IMAP4.close()
IMAP4.copy()
IMAP4.create()
IMAP4.delete()
IMAP4.deleteacl()
IMAP4.enable()
IMAP4.expunge()
IMAP4.fetch()
IMAP4.getacl()
IMAP4.getannotation()
IMAP4.getquota()
IMAP4.getquotaroot()
IMAP4.list()
IMAP4.login()
IMAP4.login_cram_md5()
IMAP4.logout()
IMAP4.lsub()
IMAP4.myrights()
IMAP4.namespace()
IMAP4.noop()
IMAP4.open()
IMAP4.partial()
IMAP4.proxyauth()
IMAP4.read()
IMAP4.readline()
IMAP4.recent()
IMAP4.rename()
IMAP4.response()
IMAP4.search()
IMAP4.select()
IMAP4.send()
IMAP4.setacl()
IMAP4.setannotation()
IMAP4.setquota()
IMAP4.shutdown()
IMAP4.socket()
IMAP4.sort()
IMAP4.starttls()
IMAP4.status()
IMAP4.store()
IMAP4.subscribe()
IMAP4.thread()
IMAP4.uid()
IMAP4.unsubscribe()
IMAP4.unselect()
IMAP4.xatom()
IMAP4.PROTOCOL_VERSION
IMAP4.debug
IMAP4.utf8_enabled
- Ejemplo IMAP4
smtplib
— Cliente de protocolo SMTPuuid
— objetos UUID según RFC 4122socketserver
— Un framework para servidores de redTCPServer
UDPServer
UnixStreamServer
UnixDatagramServer
- Notas de creación del servidor
- Objetos de servidor
BaseServer
BaseServer.fileno()
BaseServer.handle_request()
BaseServer.serve_forever()
BaseServer.service_actions()
BaseServer.shutdown()
BaseServer.server_close()
BaseServer.address_family
BaseServer.RequestHandlerClass
BaseServer.server_address
BaseServer.socket
BaseServer.allow_reuse_address
BaseServer.request_queue_size
BaseServer.socket_type
BaseServer.timeout
BaseServer.finish_request()
BaseServer.get_request()
BaseServer.handle_error()
BaseServer.handle_timeout()
BaseServer.process_request()
BaseServer.server_activate()
BaseServer.server_bind()
BaseServer.verify_request()
- Solicitar objetos de controlador
- Ejemplos
http.server
— Servidores HTTPHTTPServer
ThreadingHTTPServer
BaseHTTPRequestHandler
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.client_address
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.server
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.close_connection
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.requestline
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.command
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.path
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.request_version
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.headers
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.rfile
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.wfile
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.server_version
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.sys_version
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.error_message_format
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.error_content_type
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.protocol_version
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.MessageClass
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.responses
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.handle()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.handle_one_request()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.handle_expect_100()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.send_error()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.send_response()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.send_header()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.send_response_only()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.end_headers()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.flush_headers()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_request()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_error()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_message()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.version_string()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.date_time_string()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.log_date_time_string()
BaseHTTPRequestHandler.address_string()
SimpleHTTPRequestHandler
CGIHTTPRequestHandler
- Consideraciones de seguridad
http.cookies
— Gestión del estado HTTPhttp.cookiejar
— Manejo de cookies para clientes HTTPLoadError
CookieJar
FileCookieJar
CookiePolicy
DefaultCookiePolicy
Cookie
- Objetos CookieJar y FileCookieJar
CookieJar.add_cookie_header()
CookieJar.extract_cookies()
CookieJar.set_policy()
CookieJar.make_cookies()
CookieJar.set_cookie_if_ok()
CookieJar.set_cookie()
CookieJar.clear()
CookieJar.clear_session_cookies()
FileCookieJar.save()
FileCookieJar.load()
FileCookieJar.revert()
FileCookieJar.filename
FileCookieJar.delayload
- Subclases FileCookieJar y co-operación con navegadores web
- Objetos CookiePolicy
- Objetos DefaultCookiePolicy
DefaultCookiePolicy.blocked_domains()
DefaultCookiePolicy.set_blocked_domains()
DefaultCookiePolicy.is_blocked()
DefaultCookiePolicy.allowed_domains()
DefaultCookiePolicy.set_allowed_domains()
DefaultCookiePolicy.is_not_allowed()
DefaultCookiePolicy.rfc2109_as_netscape
DefaultCookiePolicy.strict_domain
DefaultCookiePolicy.strict_rfc2965_unverifiable
DefaultCookiePolicy.strict_ns_unverifiable
DefaultCookiePolicy.strict_ns_domain
DefaultCookiePolicy.strict_ns_set_initial_dollar
DefaultCookiePolicy.strict_ns_set_path
DefaultCookiePolicy.DomainStrictNoDots
DefaultCookiePolicy.DomainStrictNonDomain
DefaultCookiePolicy.DomainRFC2965Match
DefaultCookiePolicy.DomainLiberal
DefaultCookiePolicy.DomainStrict
- Objetos Cookie
Cookie.version
Cookie.name
Cookie.value
Cookie.port
Cookie.path
Cookie.secure
Cookie.expires
Cookie.discard
Cookie.comment
Cookie.comment_url
Cookie.rfc2109
Cookie.port_specified
Cookie.domain_specified
Cookie.domain_initial_dot
Cookie.has_nonstandard_attr()
Cookie.get_nonstandard_attr()
Cookie.set_nonstandard_attr()
Cookie.is_expired()
- Ejemplos
xmlrpc
— Módulos XMLRPC para cliente y servidorxmlrpc.client
— acceso cliente XML-RPCxmlrpc.server
— Servidores básicos XML-RPCipaddress
— Biblioteca de manipulación IPv4 / IPv6- Funciones de fábrica de conveniencia
- Direcciones IP
- Objetos de dirección
IPv4Address
IPv4Address.version
IPv4Address.max_prefixlen
IPv4Address.compressed
IPv4Address.exploded
IPv4Address.packed
IPv4Address.reverse_pointer
IPv4Address.is_multicast
IPv4Address.is_private
IPv4Address.is_global
IPv4Address.is_unspecified
IPv4Address.is_reserved
IPv4Address.is_loopback
IPv4Address.is_link_local
IPv4Address.__format__()
IPv6Address
IPv6Address.compressed
IPv6Address.exploded
IPv6Address.packed
IPv6Address.reverse_pointer
IPv6Address.version
IPv6Address.max_prefixlen
IPv6Address.is_multicast
IPv6Address.is_private
IPv6Address.is_global
IPv6Address.is_unspecified
IPv6Address.is_reserved
IPv6Address.is_loopback
IPv6Address.is_link_local
IPv6Address.is_site_local
IPv6Address.ipv4_mapped
IPv6Address.scope_id
IPv6Address.sixtofour
IPv6Address.teredo
IPv6Address.__format__()
- Conversión a cadenas y enteros
- Operadores
- Objetos de dirección
- Definiciones de red IP
- Prefijo, máscara de red y máscara de host
- Objetos de red
IPv4Network
IPv4Network.version
IPv4Network.max_prefixlen
IPv4Network.is_multicast
IPv4Network.is_private
IPv4Network.is_unspecified
IPv4Network.is_reserved
IPv4Network.is_loopback
IPv4Network.is_link_local
IPv4Network.network_address
IPv4Network.broadcast_address
IPv4Network.hostmask
IPv4Network.netmask
IPv4Network.with_prefixlen
IPv4Network.compressed
IPv4Network.exploded
IPv4Network.with_netmask
IPv4Network.with_hostmask
IPv4Network.num_addresses
IPv4Network.prefixlen
IPv4Network.hosts()
IPv4Network.overlaps()
IPv4Network.address_exclude()
IPv4Network.subnets()
IPv4Network.supernet()
IPv4Network.subnet_of()
IPv4Network.supernet_of()
IPv4Network.compare_networks()
IPv6Network
IPv6Network.version
IPv6Network.max_prefixlen
IPv6Network.is_multicast
IPv6Network.is_private
IPv6Network.is_unspecified
IPv6Network.is_reserved
IPv6Network.is_loopback
IPv6Network.is_link_local
IPv6Network.network_address
IPv6Network.broadcast_address
IPv6Network.hostmask
IPv6Network.netmask
IPv6Network.with_prefixlen
IPv6Network.compressed
IPv6Network.exploded
IPv6Network.with_netmask
IPv6Network.with_hostmask
IPv6Network.num_addresses
IPv6Network.prefixlen
IPv6Network.hosts()
IPv6Network.overlaps()
IPv6Network.address_exclude()
IPv6Network.subnets()
IPv6Network.supernet()
IPv6Network.subnet_of()
IPv6Network.supernet_of()
IPv6Network.compare_networks()
IPv6Network.is_site_local
- Operadores
- Objetos de interfaz
- Otras funciones de nivel de módulo
- Excepciones personalizadas